@Article{AmadiQiPaMcKhSaSá:2023:InWeEq,
               author = "Amadi, Brians Chinonso and Qian, L. and Paula, Eurico Rodrigues de 
                         and MclNerney, J. M. and Kherani, Esfhan Alam and Santos, Angela 
                         Machado dos and S{\'a}nchez Juarez, Sa{\'u}l Alejandro",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {National 
                         Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)}",
                title = "Intensification and Weakening of Equatorial Plasma Bubble 
                         Development Observed by GOLD During Different Phases of a 
                         Geomagnetic Storm",
              journal = "Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics",
                 year = "2023",
               volume = "128",
               number = "10",
                pages = "e2022JA031262",
             keywords = "equatorial plasma bubbles, GOLD, WACCM-X, pre-reversal 
                         enhancement, prompt penetration electric field, disturbance dynamo 
                         electric field.",
             abstract = "Equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) development during different phases 
                         of the geomagnetic storm of 3-4 November 2021 (SYMHmin = -118 nT) 
                         was examined using observations and simulations. The initial phase 
                         of the storm coincided with postsunset (about 30 min after sunset) 
                         at Fortaleza (FZ) and Sao Luis (SL) with longitudes of \& 
                         SIM;38.45 \& DEG;W and \& SIM;44 \& DEG;W respectively on 
                         November 3 while the recovery phase of the storm started at 12:45 
                         UT on November 4. GOLD shows the longest (shortest) extension of 
                         EPBs on November 3 (4) compared to days before and after November 
                         3 and 4, including quiet days. This indicates an intensification 
                         (weakening) of EPBs on November 3 (4). From ionosondes at FZ and 
                         SL, a strong (weak) range spread F (SSF (RSF)) was observed on 
                         November 3 (4). The postsunset peak F layer height on November 3 
                         reached 450 km and exceeded the preceding and succeeding days by 
                         \& SIM;50-100 km at SL indicating the presence of a Prompt 
                         Penetration Electric Field (PPEF) which enhanced EPB development 
                         via the favorable postsunset vertical E x B and Rayleigh-Taylor 
                         instability (RTI) mechanisms on November 3. The lower-than-quiet 
                         time F layer height observed on November 4 during Pre-reversal 
                         enhancement (PRE) indicates the presence of a westward-oriented 
                         Disturbance Dynamo Electric Field (DDEF) that undermined RTI 
                         growth and led to the weakening of EPB development. Simulation 
                         results confirm that the storm-time electric fields modified the 
                         evening-time ionosphere and influenced the magnitude of vertical E 
                         x B drift required for the development of EPBs. Intensification 
                         (weakening) of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) is observed by GOLD 
                         during the initial (recovery) phase of a stormStorm-origin 
                         electric fields considerably altered the pre-reversal electric 
                         field and influenced EPB developmentBoth observations and 
                         simulations confirm that disturbance electric fields modified the 
                         plasma distribution and instability growth rate.",
                  doi = "10.1029/2022JA031262",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2022JA031262",
                 issn = "2169-9402",
                label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTIC-GOV-BR",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "JGR Space Physics - 2023 - Amadi - Intensification and Weakening 
                         of Equatorial Plasma Bubble Development Observed by GOLD.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "11 maio 2024"
}